Solar charge regulators - what do they do?
Photovoltaic modules (solar electric panels) generate a current with a much higher voltage than the battery voltage. If a module is left permanently connected to a battery, the voltage of the system may rise to a level above 15 V. Lead-acid batteries do not tolerate such a high voltage for long periods. A charge controller helps keeping the battery in a fully charged state without allowing an overcharge that might damage the battery.
Some charge controllers may have additional functions, like protecting the battery against deep discharge. A discharged lead-acid battery will rapidly acquire a sulphate deposit on the surface of its inside electrodes, which will diminish the capacity of the battery and its life.
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